Bozorg Alavi

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Bozorg Alavi
Born	Bozorg Alavi February 3, 1904 Tehran, Iran
Died	February 9, 1997 (aged 93) Berlin, Germany
Nationality	Iranian
Known for	Writer, novelist and political activist
Notable work	Chashm'hā'yash (Her Eyes)

Bozorg Alavi (Persian: بزرگ علوی‎) (February 2, 1904 – February 18, 1997) was an influential Iranian writer, novelist, and political intellectual. He was a founding member of the communist Tudeh Party of Iran in the 1940s and – following the 1953 coup against Premier Mohammad Mossadegh – spent the rest of his life in exile in Germany, first during the Pahlavi regime, then returning to Germany once more following the 1979 revolution. Cheshm'hā'yash (Her Eyes), which was published in Iran in 1952 and was subsequently banned, is considered his finest novel. Alavi was also a very close friend of Iran's famous writer Sadegh Hedayat; these two created a literary group when they were residing in Paris called "sab'e group". Although Her Eyes is considered his masterpiece, Alavi also wrote many other books, such as the novel chemdanwhich was written under the influence of Freudian psychology. His other novels mirza, 53 nafar and gilemard are used in Iranian high-school textbooks. He did return to Tehran after the revolution but did not stay too long and decided to head back to Germany. Bozorg Alavi's contribution to Iranian Literature was profound and shall not be forgotten.

Life[edit]

Bozorg Alavi (born Seyyed Mojtaba Alavi) was born in Tehran, Iran. He was the third of six children. His father, Seyyed Abol Hassan Alavi, took part in the 1906 Constitutional Revolution and later published (with Hasan Taqizadeh) the progressive newsletter Kaveh (Kaweh) in Germany. His paternal grandfather

Ahmad Shamlou

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Ahmad Shamlou
Born	December 12, 1925 Tehran, Iran
Died	July 23, 2000 (aged 74) Karaj, Iran
Occupation	Poet, Encyclopedia and Journalism
Nationality	Iranian
Period	1947–2000
Literary movement	Modern literature
Notable works	The Book of Alley Fresh Air Ayda in the Mirror Ayda: Tree, Dagger, Remembrance The Manifesto Forgotten Songs Abraham in the Fire Little Rhapsodizes of Exile Panegyrics Sans Boon The Tale of Mahan's Restlessness
Notable awards	Forooghe Farrokhzad Prize, 1973 Freedom of Expression Award given by Human Rights Watch, 1990 Stig Dagerman Prize, 1999[1] Free Word Award given by Poets of All Nations in Netherlands, 2000
Signature
Website
www.shamlou.org

Ahmad Shamlou (Persian: احمد شاملو‎, Ahmad Šāmlū Persian pronunciation: [æhˈmæd(-e) ʃɒːmˈluː], also known under his pen name A. Bamdad (Persian: ا. بامداد‎)) (December 12, 1925 – July 23, 2000) was an Iranian poet, writer, and journalist. Shamlou was arguably the most influential poet of modern Iran.^[2] His initial poetry was influenced by and in the tradition of Nima Youshij. In fact, Abdolali Dastgheib, Iranian literary critic, argues that Shamlou is one of the pioneers of modern Farsi poetry and has had the greatest influence, after Nima, on Iranian poets of his era.^[3] Shamlou's poetry is complex, yet his imagery, which contributes significantly to the intensity of his poems, is simple. As the base, he uses the traditional imagery familiar to his Iranian audience through the works of Persian masters like Hafiz and Omar Khayyám. For infrastructure and impact, he uses a kind of everyday imagery in which personified oxymoronic elements are spiked with an unreal combination of the abstract and the concrete thus far unprecedented in Persian poetry, which distressed some of the admirers of more traditional poetry.

Shamlou has translated extensively from French to Persian and his own works are also translated into a number of languages. He has also written a number of plays, edited the works of major classical Persian poets, especially Hafiz. His thirteen-volume Ketab-e Koucheh (The Book of Alley) is a major contribution in understanding the Iranian folklore beliefs and language. He also wrote fiction and screenplays, contributing to children's literature, and journalism.

Contents

• 1Biography
  • 1.1Early life
  • 1.2Early work
  • 1.31957–1959
  • 1.41960–1969
  • 1.51970–1979
  • 1.61980–2000
  • 1.7Personal life
  • 1.8Death
• 2Works and style
• 3Political views
• 4Awards
• 5Books
  • 5.1In French translation
• 6See also
• 7References
• 8Further reading
• 9External links

Biography[edit]

Early life[edit]

Ahmad Shamlou was born to Haydar Shamlou and Kowkab Araqi on December 12, 1925, in Rasht to an army family. Ahmad was the second child and the only son in a family of six children. In the manner of many children who grow up in families with military parents, he received his early education in various towns, including Khashand Zahedan in the southeast of Iran, and Mashhad in the northeast, and Rasht in the north. Shamlou's childhood and adolescent were neither privileged nor easy and home was not an environment that could foster his sensitivities and he often found solace in solitude.^[4] Moving with his family from one town to the next proved a hurdle to shamlou's education.

Ehsan Tabari

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Ehsan Tabari
Born	8 February 1917 Sari, Iran
Died	29 April 1989 (aged 72) Tehran, Iran
Political party	Tudeh Party

Ehsan Tabari (Persian: احسان طبری‎; b. 1917 – d. 1989) was an Iranian philosopher, and a literary giant who played a major role in modernization in literature and cultural enlightenment in twentieth century in Iran. He was also instrumental in fostering deep understanding of Marxist philosophy in Iran. A founding member and theoretician of the Tudeh Party of Iran, he was an active participant in advancement in the political process whose aim was social progress and elimination of economic disparity in twentieth-century in Iran.

Noureddin Kianouri

Noureddin Kianouri
Born	1905 Tehran, Iran
Died	5 November 1999 (aged 94) Tehran, Iran
Nationality	Iranian
Other names	Silvio Macetti (N.K.)
Alma mater	University of Tehran Aachen University
Political party	Tudeh Party of Iran
Spouse(s)	Maryam Farman Farmaian

Dr. Noureddin Kianouri (Persian: نورالدین کیانوری‎) (1905 Nour, Tehran – 5 November 1999) was an Iranian architect and political leader. He was an influential member of the Central Committee for the communist Tudeh Party.^[1] He acted as the party's General Secretary from 1979 to 1984.^[2]